Macintosh games may be written in Carbon or Cocoa. There are a couple of good Carbon game books. CarbonBooks
Most Carbon games are written using OpenGL.
Apple has also started to include [OpenAL] for game sounds.
Apple has put together a nice summary of third-party game engines. [Developing Games]
Options for Random Numbers
There is a Macintosh Game Developer web site with both Carbon and Cocoa resources. http://www.idevgames.com/
Also, look for game information (cocoa and carbon) on the [GameWiki].
Notes on Time. How to accurately measure time elapsed.